GLOSSARY Explore the world with Booking. Ethiopian C. Sihab ad-Din Ahmad (Arab Faqih) provided a detailed description of a rock-hewn church "It was carved out of the mountain. In this video, we will take you on a journey through the various types of Explore a wide range of our Ethiopian Crosses selection. Ethiopian Crown - Treasury Of The Chapel Of The Tablet Another important form of Ethiopian art, also related to Coptic styles, is crosses made from wood and metal. The weaving metaphor is an appropriate description of their formal and conceptual character: whether they are made of wood, metal, stone or leather, these crosses are based on patterns of interlocking threads and knots that create an intricate matrix on which other The Lalibela Cross The Lalibella Cross The Lalibela Cross is a large, elaborately decorated processional cross variation of the Ethiopian-Eritrean cross, considered one of Ethiopia's most precious religious and historical heirlooms. May 17, 2021 · In North Ethiopia, the overall eating behavior of adults with T2DM is extremely poor. Sep 26, 2024 · Ethiopia boasts various types of crosses that are used on various religious and cultural occasions. Crosses of unparalleled intricacy and sophistication are extensively used in religious and magic rituals, as well as in the daily social interactions and personal experiences of people in diverse contexts. and these cast silver crosses take three major forms. Ethiopian crosses hold a profound significance within the cultural and spiritual tapestry of Ethiopia, reflecting the country’s deep-rooted history and rich religious heri intricacy of the patterns used to decorate cross-shaped objects of all kinds. 6). A characteristic aspect of all these crosses that is peculiar to the Mar 9, 2022 · Ancient Ethiopian Art Culture Modern Ethiopia and its Art Contemporary Ethiopia and its Art Frequently Asked Questions Also of considerable age, among the metal hand crosses, is coll. A number of terms are used in the literature to describe these crosses, often leading to inconsistent definitions. Their intricate latticework of Ethiopian crosses is symbolic of everlasting life. Big savings on homes, hotels, flights, car rentals, taxis, and attractions – build your perfect trip on any budget. Like many Ethiopian crosses, the Lalibela cross is supported by a motif meant to portray Adam's arms, affectionately known as ‘Adams arms’. Processional crosses Processional C. [15] Ethiopian Orthodox priests holding a procession in Lalibela According to the Futuh al-Habasha of Sihab ad-Din Ahmad, Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi burned one of the churches of Lalibela during his invasion of Ethiopia. The Cross remains with us today still bearing the same message as it did the day of the Lord's most Holy death. This document provides an obituary and background information about Stanislaw Chojnacki, a historian and professor who wrote extensively on Ethiopian art and culture. The inability to recognize stroke warning symptoms accurately is an important cause of delay in seeking medical attention. Jan 9, 2023 · Ethiopian woman A Tigray woman has a cross of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church tattooed on her forehead while two silver crosses hang on her neck. This article aims to explore the symbolism Hand cross Ethiopian Orthodox style 16th century Iron 97-19-6, museum purchase The cross is perhaps the most pervasive symbolic artifact in Ethiopia. Find the perfect ethiopia processional stock photo, image, vector, illustration or 360 image. The cross became the object of intense devotion soon after the conversion of the Aksumite Empire to Christianity around 330 A. The Ethiopian cross, also known as the Abyssinian cross, is a distinctive variant of Christian cross symbolizing faith in the Ethiopian and Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Churches, characterized by intricate, lattice-like openwork designs that evoke interwoven threads representing unity and protection. The volume's potential to advance understanding of Ethiopian crosses is hindered by insufficient research depth. Each type of cross serves a different purpose in daily life and worship. Of the three, processional crosses are by far the largest and tend to be reserved for various religious festivals such as Enkutatash (New Year). Lalibela – having a characteristic oval shape, Gondar – is a generally circular, and Axum, the most similar to the classic form. This variety reflects both regional artistry and theological imagination. Aug 15, 1997 · Crosses, throughout the ages, have played a major role in Ethiopian religious, cultural and social life, and the cross has emerged as perhaps the country's most important, and most decorative The Ethiopian Cross usually has an elaborate design, baroque style or filigree, reflecting the richness of the hearts of people in the Ethiopian Church. Shop now for fast shipping and easy returns! This collection of 145 crosses (yangat masqal) – scroll down to see the full collection – is notable because each cross has been well chosen for its patina, wear and clear age, but also because each cross is unique. Ever since Ethiopia's conversion to Christianity, the cross has appeared almost universally, not only as a liturgical instrument in churches and monasteries, but also in common devotion and in daily life. Description Ethiopia: Large Handcrafted Processional Cross of the Coptic Orthodox Church Free shipping! This Cross belongs to the group of processional crosses which accompanies each procession of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church. Type IIa is removal of the inner labia; Type IIb, removal of the clitoral glans and inner labia; and Type IIc, removal of the clitoral glans, inner and outer labia. Priests use hand crosses bestow blessings on and receive salutations from the faithful. The weaving metaphor is an appropriate description of their formal and conceptual character: whether they are made of wood, metal, stone or leather, these crosses are based on patterns of interlocking threads and knots that create an intricate matrix on which other Get the best deals on Ethiopian Cross when you shop the largest online selection at eBay. These exquisite crosses, known for their unique design and symbolism, have captured the attention of collectors and art enthusiasts worldwide. These crosses are crafted from diverse materials including metals such as iron, brass, copper Explore a wide range of our Ethiopian Crosses selection. A cross is a cross Aug 1, 2020 · Due to Ethiopia's connection with the temperate biome in the north and the Arabian Peninsula during the dry glacial period, the biotic assemblage of Ethiopian highlands consists of both Afrotropical and palearctic biota. Made of iron, copper alloy or wood, hand crosses vary considerably. For the first time, get 1 free month of iStock exclusive photos, illustrations, and more. The collection provides a taxonomy of these crosses. The cube at the base of the shaft symbolizes the Ark of the Covenant, which is believed to Jan 16, 2023 · Knowledge of stroke risk factors and warning symptoms among type 2 diabetes patients is largely unknown in developing countries like Ethiopia. The cross's significance has evolved from a symbol of shame to one of protection and blessing. It continues to be a symbol of faith, salvation, and protection, used in liturgical practices, religious art, and personal devotion. Another group is composed of pendants made of metal. Also, I have some little knit crosses from Greece, and they are Latin style. The size of the crosses may vary from the simple pendant to the imposing processional cross. It is fully illustrated with pictures of The cross became the object of intense devotion soon after the conversion of the Aksumite Empire to Christianity around 330 A. Medium-size crosses with no bases were hand carried during services. Scholars like Marilyn Heldman have cataloged over 100 distinct forms of processional crosses (Heldman, 1994). The most popular ones are the crosses of Lalibela, Axum and Gondar. Buy Ethiopian Cross in African Jewellery and get the best deals at the lowest prices on eBay UK! Great Savings & Free Delivery / Collection on many items The Ethiopian wood cross, also known as the Ethiopian Orthodox cross, is a profound symbol that encapsulates the rich cultural heritage, religious beliefs, and exceptional craftsmanship of Ethiopia. Search from 2,367 Ethiopian Crosses stock photos, pictures and royalty-free images from iStock. Small pendant crosses can be worn as jewelry Also of considerable age, among the metal hand crosses, is coll. Learn about their unique designs, craftsmanship, and spiritual significance. Find 5+ Thousand Ethiopian Cross stock images in HD and millions of other royalty-free stock photos, 3D objects, illustrations and vectors in the Shutterstock collection. 5% of the population, with Protestant-Evangelicals at 18. The Ethiopian cross is different when compared to the other Crosses. , hand C. Mar 1, 2021 · Ethiopian crosses are referred to by several names including Coptic or Abyssinian crosses and by the name of the Ethiopian regions or towns where they were created. Originally named Roha (Warwar), the historical and religious site was named Lalibela after the King Gebre Mesqel Lalibela of the Zagwe dynasty, who commissioned its construction. Chojnacki, at well past 90, is still writing! This book, in collaboration with Carolyn Gossage, is an account of Ethiopian crosses in all media and of all periods from Axumite times onwards. hand crosses and 3. D. The Ethiopian cross varies regionally in design and they are either cast using the lost The circular mandorla type is not the only form used in Ethiopian art. It is held by the Bet Medhane Alem, the House of the Redeemer of the World, a 12th-century rock-cut church in Aug 18, 2022 · Three types of crosses are made in Ethiopia: those worn around the neck, those intended to be held, and these processional crosses, which had wooden staffs socketed into them. 178, a moline-type cross with arms widening at the outer ends and trefoil finials (Fig. Priests always keep the cross with them, give blessings with it and it is kissed by the Christians. We’ll also cover the various types of crosses, from large processional ones used in ceremonies to smaller personal crosses worn for blessings. A cross may be a beautiful and original souvenir. 5M There is no country in the world that matches Ethiopia in the number of forms and types of its crosses. Free shipping on many items | Browse your favorite brands | affordable prices. In both the textual and visual culture of the Ethiopian Christians the cross has been venerated for centuries as the most important source of physical and spiritu. Ethiopian crosses, Abyssinian crosses, or Ethiopian-Eritrean crosses are a grouping of Christian cross variants that are symbols of Christianity in Ethiopia, Eritrea, and among Ethiopians and Eritreans. Staff-mounted crosses 2. Shop now for fast shipping and easy returns! Tourists from various countries visiting Ethiopia make sure that they purchase various types of Ethiopian crosses that are made from silver and bronze, as well as carved from wood and marble. The Church of Saint George (Amharic: ቤተ ጊዮርጊስ, romanized: Betä Giyorgis) is one of eleven rock-hewn monolithic churches in Lalibela, a town in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia. Processional crosses are one of three common types of crosses in Ethiopia. Book Review - Ethiopian Crosses - A Cultural History and Chronology Stanislaw Chojnacki with Carolyn Gossage Reviewer - Robert Farwell How good it is that Prof. The cross most commonly used in Coptic churches is the Trefoil Cross (also known as Coptic Cross), which was a developed locally from the short Greek cross. In general, eight distinct vegetation types have been identified in Ethiopia, based mainly on elevation and climate gradients. The Ethiopian Silver Cross is not merely a religious artifact; it is a profound symbol of faith, artistry, and cultural identity that dates back centuries. The so-called Lalibäla crosses, for instance, feature a pear-shaped band that derives from the globe-mandorla type attested in local examples of wall-painting and manuscript illustration and, more generally, in other Christian traditions. May 30, 2017 · Basically there are three major types of Crosses in our Church: 1. While there are main regional forms, such as the Axumite, Gonderine, Gojam, Lalibela and Menz, there are said to exist over 3,000 different types of Ethiopian crosses. In Ethiopia, smaller hand crosses kept primarily for the daily use of a priest are referred to in Amharic as yäʿǝǧǧ mäsqäl (manual cross) or anästäñña mäsqäl (small cross). Aug 18, 2022 · Three types of crosses are made in Ethiopia: those worn around the neck, those intended to be held, and these processional crosses, which had wooden staffs socketed into them. Starting most of the way along the top of the outer band, smaller crosses protrude into the air, like minuscule men holding hands, connected in the middle by one slightly larger cross. The heads are typically flat cast plates with elaborate and complex openwork decoration. Ethiopian crosses hold a profound significance within the cultural and spiritual tapestry of Ethiopia, reflecting the country’s deep-rooted history and rich religious heritage. The three main types of cross are: the Lalibela cross, the Gondar cross and the cross of Axum. The three main styles are Axum, Gondar or Lalibala, and the majority of neck pendants are made in the Axum style, created in the Tigrai region of Ethiopia and in Eritrea. He is regarded as a saint by Apply for an Ethiopian passport online with easy access to guidelines and information. Aug 23, 2025 · Ethiopian crosses are renowned for their diversity. Ethiopia has been a Christian nation since the 4th C. The budded cross, Antiochian cross, Greek cross, Celtic cross, Serbian cross, these all are Orthodox crosses. Cursory treatment of Ethiopian Christian history overlooks essential scholarly contributions and sources. Ethiopian crosses on various media survive from an early period but become increasingly complex from the 15th century onwards. 17 On Sep 21, 2022 · Crosses of Ethiopia : the sign of faith : evolution and form by Di Salvo, Mario Publication date 2006 Topics Crosses -- Ethiopia, Christian art and symbolism -- Ethiopia Publisher Milano : Skira Collection internetarchivebooks; inlibrary; printdisabled Contributor Internet Archive Language English Item Size 587. An exploration of the ways in which crosses reflect and shape ideas and practices in Ethiopian culture: from religious values and rituals to magic and apocalyptic beliefs, and from individual identities to socio-political structures and power relations. Many prayer ropes have a Latin cross at the end, as well. Nov 14, 2024 · Prevalence and its associated factors of diabetic retinopathy among type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients at public hospitals in Eastern Ethiopia, 2023: a hospital-based comparative cross-sectional study Feyisa Shasho Bayisa Teshome Demis Nimani Samuel Demissie Darcho *† CROSS CUTTING ISSUES AGRA aims to improve the adaptation of agri-food and farming systems to climate change so that smallholder farmers can increase their resilience to shocks. Available for both RF and RM licensing. So read and find out. The others are hand-held crosses and pendant crosses worn around the neck. In this video, we will take you on a journey through the various types of May 14, 2025 · The Ultimate Guide to Ethiopian Cross Necklaces Ethiopian cross necklaces are not just beautiful accessories; they are rich in cultural history and spiritual significance. The Coptic crosses often have a circle at the center representing God's eternal and everlasting love, demonstrated through the crucifixion of Christ, Christ's halo, and resurrection. The Cross was documented in the New Testament and in the writings of Church Fathers. This article will explore the intricate history, cultural significance, and craftsmanship associated with the Ethiopian Silver Cross, delving into its various forms, the techniques used in its creation, and its role in the lives of Here's how the Ethiopian Cross remains relevant in modern Ethiopia⁚ Religious Symbol⁚ The Ethiopian Cross remains an integral part of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church. Feb 28, 2025 · We will take a closer look at the different types of Ethiopian crosses, including processional and pendant crosses, and their roles in religious ceremonies. and neck C. can be divided into three types, according to use and form: processional C. org (Click image to enlarge) Apr 20, 2021 · crosses, except for Stanisław Chojnacki’s Ethiopian Crosses: A Cultural History and Chronology,1focus on style and morphology rather than func- I will be discussing portable crosses of three basic types that are used in various church rituals, daily interpersonal exchanges and individual life activities in the Christian culture of Ethiopia. Sep 5, 2006 · There is no country in the world that matches Ethiopia in the number of forms and types of its crosses. The flaring pattée cross used in this processional cross was one of the earliest forms of the cross known in Ethiopian Christian art, as demonstrated by Aksumite coins and carvings. The cross motif emerges from the decoration Ethiopian Processional Crosses More actions That type of shafted cross was largely reproduced and dominate until the present. Thousands of new, high-quality pictures added every day. In Church services, the cross is used for blessing. Later on brass, wood and occasionally silver were used. Explore the rich symbolism and history of the Ethiopian Cross, an emblem of triumph and faith in Ethiopian Christianity. Types of Ethiopian Orthodox Crosses The Processional Cross: Used during religious ceremonies and processions‚ these crosses are often large and ornate‚ designed to be carried in public worship․ Aug 26, 2024 · Explore the intricate techniques and designs of Ethiopian cross making, highlighting its rich religious significance and cultural heritage. The cross on the left is typical of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church tewahedo. Excision in French can refer to any form of FGM. Ethiopian silver crosses are not just beautiful pieces of jewelry; they carry a rich cultural and spiritual significance. Socrates of Constantinople includes Modified Item:No, Cancellation Type:See picture, Place of Origin:Ethiopia, Certification:Uncertified, Quality:Mint Never Hinged/MNH, Color:See item, Topic:Red Cross Type II (excision) is the complete or partial removal of the inner labia, with or without removal of the clitoral glans and outer labia. 21 Such crosses appear in Ethiopian painting from the second half of the seventeenth century onwards, as illustrated by paintings in the church of Däbrä Sina Maryam in which several Ethiopian Orthodox icon depicting Saint George, the Crucifixion, and the Virgin Mary John Chrysostom speaks of the "Ethiopians present in Jerusalem" as being able to understand the preaching of Saint Peter described in Acts 2:38. Evangelatou's methodology fails to account for contemporary Ethiopian cultural practices and interpretations. They can stand on their own or be mounted on bases. ETHIOPIAN NECK CROSSES The Christian faith was initially adopted in the fourth century AD by King Ezana, in the ancient Kingdom of Askum (located today in Eritrea and the Tigray region of Northern Ethiopia). These intricate designs are not merely decorative; they are imbued with religious significance and serve as a medium of expression for both the artists and the community. Those with hollow round bases were mounted on staffs and carried on staffs during processionals or displayed on altars. I. 1 Thanks to the publication of catalogs, articles, and books, the organization of Shop our ethiopian cross selection from top sellers and makers around the world. are usually large and imposing, made to be carried on a wooden pole in processions and ceremonies. Thomas cross, a cross is a cross. Global shipping available. The Cross as a painful instrument of death was documented in the Old Testament. In this article we have explained all the details regarding Ethiopia Cross symbols. It also offers Mar 9, 2022 · Ancient Ethiopian Art Culture Modern Ethiopia and its Art Contemporary Ethiopia and its Art Frequently Asked Questions Ethiopian cross drawings are a unique and deeply symbolic form of art that reflects the rich cultural heritage and spiritual beliefs of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church. A characteristic aspect of all these crosses that is peculiar to the Ethiopian crosses on various media survive from an early period but become increasingly complex from the 15th century onwards. With designs that date back centuries, these crosses are deeply woven into the fabric of Ethiopian heritage and the Ethiopian Orthodox Church. pendant crosses Staff-mounted crosses are very widespread in Ethiopia and are often characterized by great dimensions and very intricate decoration and can be displayed to the congregation during the liturgy. com. It summarizes his academic works, including his book "Ethiopian Crosses: A Cultural History and Chronology" which provides an account of Ethiopian crosses from ancient to modern times, illustrated with photographs. Find top brands, exclusive offers, and unbeatable prices on eBay. The oldest hand crosses roughly dated to the 14th and 15th century were made of iron with the upper part in open-work design and the handle ended with a small cube. The Cross was the bearer of the humiliation of the Lord Jesus Christ. no. Armenian, Ethiopian, St. Ethiopia is unique in the world for the incomparable prominence of the cross in the life of its Orthodox Christian population. Explore the rich history and profound meaning of Ethiopian silver crosses, symbols of faith and cultural heritage. Learn about its cultural significance, unique designs, and its role in religious rituals and daily life. Diverse and integrated approaches including nutrition education during consultation should be implemented to address the gap. 5%. [10][11] They are usually copper alloy or brass, plated (at least originally) with gold or silver. It would be more accurate to speak of "Ethiopian crosses" because there are many forms depending on the region or the city in which we are located. Christian cross variants 7th-century Byzantine solidus, showing Leontius holding a globus cruciger, with a stepped cross on the obverse side Double-barred cross symbol as used in a 9th-century Byzantine seal Greek cross (Church of Saint Sava) and extended Greek cross (St Paul's Cathedral) in church floorplans The Christian cross, with or without a figure of Christ included, is the main Ethiopian Necklace with Cross Pendant 39,95 € * Top Ethiopian Iron Hand Cross 109,00 € * In stock Ethiopian Iron Hand Cross Since the icon and the cross occupy a prominent place in the spiritual life of Christians, the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahido Church serves the faithful with consecrated icons and crosses. Jul 4, 2024 · The Ethiopian Cross symbols are very special to them. According to some sources, one type in particular—a rough-carved, soft wood, traditionally blue-painted pendant thought to ward off evil—dates to as far back as the 5th century A. Larger wooden crosses, such as this example, were used during the holy liturgy, and were given specific names according to their use. May 29, 2021 · The Ethiopian Cross – This cross has an elaborate, stylized design which makes it stand out from the other types of crosses. [22] Possible missions of some of the Apostles in the lands now called Ethiopia are also reported as early as the 4th century. The Ethiopian wood cross, also known as the Ethiopian Orthodox cross, is a profound symbol that encapsulates the rich cultural heritage, religious beliefs, and exceptional craftsmanship of Ethiopia. The cross serves as the central symbol of Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, embodying power and religious identity. Nov 1, 2018 · Carried in procession, placed at the top of a church to mark the landscape, held by a priest to bestow blessings, or worn around the neck for protection and to assert identity, the cross, in all its manifestations, has been for centuries a ubiquitous symbol in the daily and religious life of Christian Ethiopians. . Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity comprises approximately 43. 21 Such crosses appear in Ethiopian painting from the second half of the seventeenth century onwards, as illustrated by paintings in the church of Däbrä Sina Maryam in which several Like many Ethiopian crosses, the Lalibela cross is supported by a motif meant to portray Adam's arms, affectionately known as ‘Adams arms’. This volume examines a multiplicity of crosses, highlighting a plurality of types as May 14, 2025 · The Ultimate Guide to Ethiopian Cross Necklaces Ethiopian cross necklaces are not just beautiful accessories; they are rich in cultural history and spiritual significance. From that time, the Ethiopian Christians have worn their neck crosses as a statement of their faith.

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